Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and socioeconomic level among public-sector workers in Angola
Identifieur interne : 002423 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 002422; suivant : 002424Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and socioeconomic level among public-sector workers in Angola
Auteurs : Daniel P. Capingana [Brésil] ; Pedro Magalhães [Brésil] ; Amílcar Bt Silva [Brésil] ; Mauer Aa Gonçalves [Angola] ; Marcelo P. Baldo [Brésil] ; Sérgio L. Rodrigues [Brésil] ; Crist Vão Cf Sim Es [Angola] ; Albano Vl Ferreira [Angola] ; José G. Mill [Brésil]Source :
- BMC Public Health [ 1471-2458 ] ; 2013.
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in the majority of developed and developing countries. African countries are currently facing an increase in both cardiovascular and transmitted diseases. In addition, cardiovascular risk varies among different socioeconomic groups. Thus, we determined the prevalence of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors in apparently healthy public-sector workers and investigated possible relationships with socioeconomic status.
We employed a cross-sectional study comprising 42.2% (n = 615) of the public-sector workers at Agostinho Neto University, 48% (n = 294) male and 52% (n= 321) female, with ages between 20 and 72 years and from various socioeconomic groups. The study was conducted from February 2009 to December 2010. Personal, anthropometric, biochemical, hemodynamic, socioeconomic, and physical activity data were collected.
The prevalence rates of cardiovascular risk factors were as follows: hypertension, 45.2% (men 46.3%, women 44.2%, P > 0.05); hypercholesterolemia, 11.1% (men 10.5%, women 11.5%, P > 0.05); low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, 50.1% (men 36.9%, women 62.3%; P < 0.05); hypertriglyceridemia, 10.6% (men 12.6%, women 8.7%, P > 0.05); smoking, 7.2% (men 10.2%, women 4.4%; P < 0.05); diabetes, 5.7% (men 5.5%, women 5.9%, P > 0.05); overweight, 29.3% (men 27.3%, women 31.2%, P > 0.05); obesity, 19.6% (men 9.2%, women 29.0%; P < 0.05); sedentary lifestyle, 87.2% (men 83.0%, women 91,0%, P < 0.05); and left ventricular hypertrophy, 20% (men 32.0%, women 9.0%; P < 0.05). At least one risk factor was present in 27.7% of the sample; 15.2% had two risk factors, and 31.4% had three or more risk factors. Among the individuals with low socioeconomic status, 41.0% had three or more risk factors.
The results of this study suggest the existence of a high prevalence of multiple risk factors for cardiovascular disease in apparently healthy public-sector workers in Angola. The workers in lower socioeconomic groups had higher incidences of hypertension, smoking, and left ventricular hypertrophy.
Url:
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-732
PubMed: 23924306
PubMed Central: 3751069
Affiliations:
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Mill</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Espírito Santo, Brazil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Espírito Santo</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Espírito Santo</region></placeName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">23924306</idno><idno type="pmc">3751069</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3751069</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3751069</idno><idno type="doi">10.1186/1471-2458-13-732</idno><date when="2013">2013</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001343</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001343</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">001342</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">001342</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">001754</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">001754</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">002204</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">002204</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">002204</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">002430</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">002423</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">002423</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and socioeconomic level among public-sector workers in Angola</title><author><name sortKey="Capingana, Daniel P" sort="Capingana, Daniel P" uniqKey="Capingana D" first="Daniel P" last="Capingana">Daniel P. Capingana</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Espírito Santo, Brazil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Espírito Santo</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Espírito Santo</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Magalhaes, Pedro" sort="Magalhaes, Pedro" uniqKey="Magalhaes P" first="Pedro" last="Magalhães">Pedro Magalhães</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Espírito Santo, Brazil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Espírito Santo</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Espírito Santo</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Silva, Amilcar Bt" sort="Silva, Amilcar Bt" uniqKey="Silva A" first="Amílcar Bt" last="Silva">Amílcar Bt Silva</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Espírito Santo, Brazil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Espírito Santo</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Espírito Santo</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Goncalves, Mauer Aa" sort="Goncalves, Mauer Aa" uniqKey="Goncalves M" first="Mauer Aa" last="Gonçalves">Mauer Aa Gonçalves</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Department of Physiological Sciences, Medical School of the Agostinho Neto University, Luanda, Angola</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Angola</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Physiological Sciences, Medical School of the Agostinho Neto University, Luanda</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Luanda</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Baldo, Marcelo P" sort="Baldo, Marcelo P" uniqKey="Baldo M" first="Marcelo P" last="Baldo">Marcelo P. Baldo</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Espírito Santo, Brazil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Espírito Santo</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Espírito Santo</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rodrigues, Sergio L" sort="Rodrigues, Sergio L" uniqKey="Rodrigues S" first="Sérgio L" last="Rodrigues">Sérgio L. Rodrigues</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Espírito Santo, Brazil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Espírito Santo</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Espírito Santo</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sim Es, Crist Vao Cf" sort="Sim Es, Crist Vao Cf" uniqKey="Sim Es C" first="Crist Vão Cf" last="Sim Es">Crist Vão Cf Sim Es</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Department of Physiological Sciences, Medical School of the Agostinho Neto University, Luanda, Angola</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Angola</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Physiological Sciences, Medical School of the Agostinho Neto University, Luanda</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Luanda</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferreira, Albano Vl" sort="Ferreira, Albano Vl" uniqKey="Ferreira A" first="Albano Vl" last="Ferreira">Albano Vl Ferreira</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Department of Physiological Sciences, Medical School of the Agostinho Neto University, Luanda, Angola</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Angola</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Physiological Sciences, Medical School of the Agostinho Neto University, Luanda</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Luanda</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mill, Jose G" sort="Mill, Jose G" uniqKey="Mill J" first="José G" last="Mill">José G. Mill</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Espírito Santo, Brazil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Espírito Santo</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Espírito Santo</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">BMC Public Health</title><idno type="eISSN">1471-2458</idno><imprint><date when="2013">2013</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in the majority of developed and developing countries. African countries are currently facing an increase in both cardiovascular and transmitted diseases. In addition, cardiovascular risk varies among different socioeconomic groups. Thus, we determined the prevalence of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors in apparently healthy public-sector workers and investigated possible relationships with socioeconomic status.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>We employed a cross-sectional study comprising 42.2% (n = 615) of the public-sector workers at Agostinho Neto University, 48% (n = 294) male and 52% (n= 321) female, with ages between 20 and 72 years and from various socioeconomic groups. The study was conducted from February 2009 to December 2010. Personal, anthropometric, biochemical, hemodynamic, socioeconomic, and physical activity data were collected.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>The prevalence rates of cardiovascular risk factors were as follows: hypertension, 45.2% (men 46.3%, women 44.2%, P > 0.05); hypercholesterolemia, 11.1% (men 10.5%, women 11.5%, P > 0.05); low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, 50.1% (men 36.9%, women 62.3%; P < 0.05); hypertriglyceridemia, 10.6% (men 12.6%, women 8.7%, P > 0.05); smoking, 7.2% (men 10.2%, women 4.4%; P < 0.05); diabetes, 5.7% (men 5.5%, women 5.9%, P > 0.05); overweight, 29.3% (men 27.3%, women 31.2%, P > 0.05); obesity, 19.6% (men 9.2%, women 29.0%; P < 0.05); sedentary lifestyle, 87.2% (men 83.0%, women 91,0%, P < 0.05); and left ventricular hypertrophy, 20% (men 32.0%, women 9.0%; P < 0.05). At least one risk factor was present in 27.7% of the sample; 15.2% had two risk factors, and 31.4% had three or more risk factors. Among the individuals with low socioeconomic status, 41.0% had three or more risk factors.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>The results of this study suggest the existence of a high prevalence of multiple risk factors for cardiovascular disease in apparently healthy public-sector workers in Angola. The workers in lower socioeconomic groups had higher incidences of hypertension, smoking, and left ventricular hypertrophy.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Yusuf, S" uniqKey="Yusuf S">S Yusuf</name></author><author><name sortKey="Srinath, R" uniqKey="Srinath R">R Srinath</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ounpuu, S" uniqKey="Ounpuu S">S Ounpuu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Anand, S" uniqKey="Anand S">S Anand</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mackay, J" uniqKey="Mackay J">J Mackay</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mensah, G" uniqKey="Mensah G">G Mensah</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Murray, Cjl" uniqKey="Murray C">CJL Murray</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lopez, Ad" uniqKey="Lopez A">AD Lopez</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lopez, Ad" 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uniqKey="Smeeth L">L Smeeth</name></author><author><name sortKey="Leon, Da" uniqKey="Leon D">DA Leon</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mann, Dl" uniqKey="Mann D">DL Mann</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Muiesan, Ml" uniqKey="Muiesan M">ML Muiesan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Salvetti, M" uniqKey="Salvetti M">M Salvetti</name></author><author><name sortKey="Monteduro, C" uniqKey="Monteduro C">C Monteduro</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bonzi, B" uniqKey="Bonzi B">B Bonzi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Paini, A" uniqKey="Paini A">A Paini</name></author><author><name sortKey="Viola, S" uniqKey="Viola S">S Viola</name></author><author><name sortKey="Poisa, P" uniqKey="Poisa P">P Poisa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rizzoni, D" uniqKey="Rizzoni D">D Rizzoni</name></author><author><name sortKey="Castellano, M" uniqKey="Castellano M">M Castellano</name></author><author><name sortKey="Agabiti Rosei, E" uniqKey="Agabiti Rosei E">E Agabiti-Rosei</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Angola</li><li>Brésil</li></country><region><li>Espírito Santo</li></region></list><tree><country name="Brésil"><region name="Espírito Santo"><name sortKey="Capingana, Daniel P" sort="Capingana, Daniel P" uniqKey="Capingana D" first="Daniel P" last="Capingana">Daniel P. Capingana</name></region><name sortKey="Baldo, Marcelo P" sort="Baldo, Marcelo P" uniqKey="Baldo M" first="Marcelo P" last="Baldo">Marcelo P. Baldo</name><name sortKey="Magalhaes, Pedro" sort="Magalhaes, Pedro" uniqKey="Magalhaes P" first="Pedro" last="Magalhães">Pedro Magalhães</name><name sortKey="Mill, Jose G" sort="Mill, Jose G" uniqKey="Mill J" first="José G" last="Mill">José G. Mill</name><name sortKey="Rodrigues, Sergio L" sort="Rodrigues, Sergio L" uniqKey="Rodrigues S" first="Sérgio L" last="Rodrigues">Sérgio L. Rodrigues</name><name sortKey="Silva, Amilcar Bt" sort="Silva, Amilcar Bt" uniqKey="Silva A" first="Amílcar Bt" last="Silva">Amílcar Bt Silva</name></country><country name="Angola"><noRegion><name sortKey="Goncalves, Mauer Aa" sort="Goncalves, Mauer Aa" uniqKey="Goncalves M" first="Mauer Aa" last="Gonçalves">Mauer Aa Gonçalves</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Ferreira, Albano Vl" sort="Ferreira, Albano Vl" uniqKey="Ferreira A" first="Albano Vl" last="Ferreira">Albano Vl Ferreira</name><name sortKey="Sim Es, Crist Vao Cf" sort="Sim Es, Crist Vao Cf" uniqKey="Sim Es C" first="Crist Vão Cf" last="Sim Es">Crist Vão Cf Sim Es</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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